AIデータセンターの電気代は誰が払うか、米法案が52対0で可決

"This legislation would amend Section 111(d) of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) to require each state regulatory authority to consider establishing a large-load standard to provide that a rate charged, or related agreement entered into, by an electric utility for providing electric service to a large-load customer shall recover the full, incremental cost of any generation, transmission, or distribution upgrade necessary to serve the load of such customer and to provide for financial assurances to cover such upgrades."（BACKGROUND）／"The legislation would define large-load customers as non-residential electric consumers requesting electric energy for one or more facilities at a site or campus with peak demand of 100 megawatts or more."（同節）— 下院エネルギー・商業委員会 公式プレスリリースより

"Sponsor: Rep. Evans, Gabe [R-CO-8] (Introduced 06/18/2026)"／"Cosponsors (42)"／"07/21/2026 House Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 52 - 0."／"09/16/2026-6:53pm House On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 417 - 3 (Roll no. 312)."／"09/30/2026 Senate Cloture on the motion to proceed to the measure not invoked in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 57 - 43."／"09/30/2026 Senate Motion to proceed to consideration of measure withdrawn in Senate."（いずれも Bill Overview / All Actions・2026年10月14日時点）— Congress.gov より

"Numerous states already have large load tariffs in place for data centers, including Ohio. I urge the House to bring the Ratepayer Protection Act to the floor as soon as possible so we can get this commonsense legislation across the finish line."（Chairman Latta のコメント）— 下院エネルギー・商業委員会 公式プレスリリースより

"A public commitment that hyperscalers, AI companies, and the utilities and data-center developers behind them will build, bring, or buy every kilowatt their facilities need — and cover every dollar of the infrastructure that delivers it. American households and businesses should not be footing the bill."（冒頭）／"Build, bring, or buy new power supply."／"Signatories procure the generation resources needed for their new energy demand — building or buying from new or otherwise additive power plants — and pay the full cost."（I）／"Pay for new power delivery infrastructure."／"Companies cover all new delivery upgrades required to service their data centers, including network upgrade costs, ensuring those expenses are not passed on to ordinary households."（II）／"Pay whether they use the power or not."／"Companies voluntarily negotiate new, separate rate structures with their utilities and state governments. They pay those rates for the power and infrastructure brought online for them — whether or not they actually use the electricity."（III）／"Invest in local jobs and workforce development."／"Signatories invest in the local communities where they build — hiring locally and establishing programs to develop relevant skills."（IV）／"Contribute to grid and community resilience."／"Companies coordinate with grid operators to strengthen reliability and, wherever possible, make their backup generation available during scarcity events to help prevent blackouts and shortages in their communities."（V）— いずれも THE PLEDGE 節・ホワイトハウス公式ページより

"300+ Organizations committed across every stakeholder in the U.S. power system."／"STATE REGULATORS 23 Governors signed on, representing the states where data-center growth is heaviest."／"ELECTRICITY BUYERS 7 The largest U.S. hyperscalers and AI companies, committed since the March round of the pledge."／"ELECTRICITY SELLERS 250+ Utilities and cooperatives — from generation-and-transmission co-ops to municipal utilities and state associations."／"DATA CENTER DEVELOPERS 45 Firms that build and operate the physical facilities driving new load."／"Skeptics — including The Wall Street Journal — questioned whether the pledge could be enforced, given that power prices are set by state regulators, electricity buyers, and electricity sellers. The Ratepayer Protection Pledge now has commitments from every one of them — and from the developers who actually build the facilities."（いずれも COVERAGE & ENFORCEMENT・2026年10月14日時点）／"Together they cover roughly 80% of the power delivered to American homes and businesses, protecting 263 million Americans — three-quarters of the country — when a data center is built nearby."（OVERVIEW）— ホワイトハウス公式ページより

"そこで、「省エネ・非化石転換法」に基づき、従来の規制に加えた新たな措置を2026年4月から施行しました。"（導入）／"今回の追加措置のひとつとして、2026年度提出分よりデータセンターに関する項目を追加しました。具体的には、電気使用量やPUE（※データセンター施設全体の消費エネルギーをIT機器の消費エネルギーで割った値。低いほどエネルギー効率が高い）、エネルギー消費原単位などの実績値や、今後の目標などが加わります。"／"さらに、事業者に対し、提出対象となったデータセンターに関する情報を、提出年度の年度末（3/31）までに、自らのホームページなどで公表することを求めます。"（いずれも 新たな措置①）／"ベンチマーク制度の一環で、データセンター業の特定事業者に対しては「2030年度までにPUEを1.4以下にすること」という目標を設定し、PUEの算出報告を求めています。さらに今回、2029年度以降に新設するデータセンターについては、満たすべきエネルギー効率基準（PUE）を1.3以下にすることを求めます（稼働開始から２年が経過した時点の翌年度以降）。この基準を満たせなかった事業者には、省エネ・非化石転換法に基づく合理化計画の作成・提出が求められ、これに従わない場合は、更なる行政措置が取られる可能性もあります。"（新たな措置②）— 資源エネルギー庁 スペシャルコンテンツ（2026年5月20日）より